SURGICAL TERMS USED IN DHA/HAAD/PROMETRICS/SNB/NCLEX EXAMINATION

SURGICAL TERMS USED IN DHA/HAAD/PROMETRICS/SNB/NCLEX
EXAMINATION

ablation—removal of a part, pathway, or function by sur- gery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, or radiofre- quency.
anastomosis—connection of two tubular structures.
anesthesia, general—complete loss of consciousness and sensation in the entire body (given by inhalation or IV).
anesthesia, intrathecal—anesthesia injected within the spinal canal.
anesthesia, local—anesthesia affecting a local area only.
anesthesia, regional—nerve or field blocking, causing insensibility over a particular area.
anesthesia, spinal—anesthesia produced by injection of anesthetic into the subarachnoid space of the
spinal cord.
anesthetic—agent that produces anesthesia (partial or complete loss of sensation).
anesthesiologist—physician who administers anesthetics.
anesthetist—physician or nurse who administers anesthetics.
aneurysmectomy—excision of a widened area of the aortic wall.
Angioplasty—altering the structure of a vessel.
antrostomy (antral window)—formation of an opening in an antrum (any nearly closed cavity or
chamber) for drainage; may be performed on sinuses.
A and/or P repair (anterior and/or posterior colpor- rhaphy)—repair and reinforcement of structures that support the bladder and urethra (anterior) and/or the distal rectum (posterior).
appendectomy—removal of the appendix.
arthrodesis—surgical immobilization of a joint.
arthroplasty—reshaping or reconstructing a diseased joint.
arthroscopy—joint visualization by means of an arthroscope.
arthrotomy—cutting into a joint.
augmentation—adding to or increasing.
autologous—indicates something that has its origin within an individual’s body.
auto transfusion—returning the patient’s own blood to the circulation.
banding—(pulmonary artery) constriction of the pulmonary artery to decrease blood flow to the lungs.
Billroth I—excision of the pylorus of the stomach with anastomosis of the upper portion of the stomach to the duodenum.
Billroth II—subtotal excision of the stomach with closure of the proximal end of the duodenum and sideto- side anastomosis of the jejunum to the stomach.
biopsy—excision of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination.
Blalock-Taussig—end-to-end anastomosis between the proximal ends of the subclavian and pulmonary  arteries.
blepharoplasty—plastic surgery upon the eyelid.
bypass—surgical creation of an alternate route to bypass an obstruction or disease area.
CABG (coronary artery bypass graft) (see coronary artery bypass)
cesarean section—delivery of a fetus through an abdominal incision.
cholecystectomy—removal of the gallbladder.
circulating nurse—nurse who works outside the sterile field of the operating room.
circumcision—surgical removal of the end of the prepuce of the penis.
colectomy—excision of part or all of the colon.
colostomy—opening of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface.
colpotomy—incision into the wall of the vagina.
commissurotomy—surgical incision of a commissure (commissure is the connection of a dividing space of two structures such as the lips, heart chambers, or brain areas). Examples of surgery are incision of adhesions that cause the leaves of the mitral valve to stick together or incision of the anterior commissure of the brain.
conization—excision of a cone of tissue (frequently per- formed on a diseased cervix).
cordotomy—cutting of the spinal cord lateral pathways to relieve pain.
coronary artery bypass—establishment of a shunt to allow blood to travel from the aorta to a branch of the coronary artery at a point past an obstruction.
craniotomy—incision through the cranium (skull).
cryosurgery—freezing of diseased tissue.
culdoscopy—endoscopic examination of the female pelvic cavity through the posterior vaginal wall.
curettage—scraping of a cavity or removal of tissue.
cutaneous ureterostomy—establishment of a ureteral stoma on the abdominal wall.
cystectomy—removal of a cyst, or removal of the cystic duct and the gallbladder or just the cystic duct, or removal of all or part of the urinary bladder.
cystocele repair—repair of a bladder hernia that protrudes into the vagina.
cystolithotomy—excision of a stone from the bladder.
cystoscopy—examination of the bladder with the cystoscope.
dilation—expansion of an organ, vessel, or orifice.
D&C (dilation and curettage)—enlargement of the cervical canal and scraping of endo-cervical or
endometrial tissue.
dermabrasion—sanding or removal of skin to remove irregularities.
Duhamel—formation of a common lumen (inner space) between the normal colon and rectum by
crushing the adjacent bowel walls with clamps.
-ectomy—word element that means “removal.”
enucleation—removal of an eyeball.
excavation—formation of a cavity.
excision—cutting away or taking out.
fistula—an abnormal passage between two surfaces or cavities or between a surface and a cavity.
fixation—immobilization; fastening in a fixed position.
fulguration—destruction of tissue by means of electric sparks.
fundoplication—reducing the size of the fundal opening of the stomach and suturing the previously
removed end of the esophagus to it.
fusion—joining together.
gastrectomy—removal of all or part of the stomach.
gastrojejunostomy—anastomosis between the stomach and jejunum.
gastrostomy—creation of an opening into stomach.
graft—moving tissue from a healthy site to an injured site.
herniorrhaphy—repair of hernia.
hypospadias repair—repair of an opening on the under- surface of the penis or the urethral opening into the vagina.
hysterectomy, total—removal of the entire uterus.
ileal conduit—attachment of one or both ureters to a loop of ileum with establishment of drainage
through the abdominal wall.
implant—to transfer a part or to graft tissue.
labyrinthectomy—excision of the labyrinth of the ear.
laminectomy—excision of the vertebral posterior arch.
aparotomy—surgical opening of the abdomen.
laser—surgical instrument that converts light to intense heat and power.
ligation—tying or binding procedure.
lipectomy—removal of fatty tissue.
liposuction—removal of fatty tissue by suction.
lithotomy—incision for removal of a calculus (stone).
lithotripsy—crushing of a calculus (stone).
lobectomy—removal of a lobe of an organ or gland.
lobotomy—incision of a lobe of an organ or gland.
lumpectomy—removal of a tumor (usually from the breast) (tylectomy).
McDonald procedure—placement of a purse-string-type suture around the cervix to correct cervical
incompetency.
malignant hyperpyrexia—high fever caused by the use of muscle relaxants or general inhalation
anesthesia (results from an inherited trait).
mammoplasty—reconstruction of breast tissue.
Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure—correction of urinary stress incontinence by suspending the
bladder neck and proximal urethra to the symphysis pubis.
marsupialization—raising the borders of an evacuated tumor sac or cyst to the edges of the incision and stitching them there to form a pouch that gradually closes.
mastectomy—removal of a breast.
meniscectomy—removal of meniscus cartilage of the knee.
myectomy—excision of muscle.
myomectomy—removal of fibroid tumors from the uterus.
myotomy—division or dissection of muscle.
myringotomy with pressure-equalizing (PE) tubes— incision into tympanic membrane (eardrum) and
placement of pressure-equalizing tubes in the membrane.
nailing—repair of bone fractures by use of a nail.
nephrectomy—removal of a kidney.
Nissen fundoplication—anti reflux procedure in which the fundus of the stomach is wrapped around the distal esophagus.
oophorectomy—removal of an ovary.
orchiectomy—removal of a testicle.
orchiopexy—suturing of an undescended testicle in the scrotum.
-ostomy—word element that means “formation of an opening.”
-otomy—word element that means “cutting.”
otoplasty—correction of defects or deformities of the ear.
PARS—postanesthesia recovery score.
-plasty—word element that means “molding” or surgically forming.
pneumonectomy—removal of a lung.
polypectomy—removal of a polyp (polyps may be found in the nose, uterus, larynx, or colon).
Potts-Smith procedure—side-to-side anastomosis between the aorta and the left pulmonary artery.
prostatectomy—removal of the prostate gland.
prosthesis—an artificial organ or part.
pyeloplasty—incision made in the pylorus to enlarge the outlet of the stomach.
radial keratotomy—incision of the cornea to correct near- sightedness.
radical—surgery that attempts to remove all diseased tissue.
radical neck dissection—removal of lymph-node–bearing tissue as well as adjacent muscles and vessels of the neck.
Ramstedt-Fredet procedure—division of the pyloric muscle to correct pyloric stenosis.
Rashkind procedure—balloon atrial septostomy.
reduction—restoration to normal position.
resection—partial removal of a structure.
resection & pull through—diseased bowel is removed, and healthy bowel is anastomosed to the anus.
rhinoplasty—reshaping of the nose.
rhizotomy—cutting of a spinal nerve root for the relief of pain or spasticity.
rhytidectomy (facelift)—removal of loose skin from face and upper neck.
salpingo-oophorectomy—excision of a fallopian tube and ovary.
scleral buckling—reattachment of the retina.
scrub nurse—nurse who works inside the sterile field of the operating room.
section—cutting.
septoplasty—plastic surgery of the nasal septum.
Shirodkar’s procedure—placement of tape around the cervical os to correct cervical incompetency.
shunt—procedure to divert flow from one route to another.
Soave procedure—removal of rectal mucosa and the formation of a sleeve through which normal colon is passed for anastomosis to the anus.
spinal fusion—immobilization of the spine by fusion (uniting) of two or more vertebrae.
spinal instrumentation—placement of metal rods to sup- port the spine (used to treat abnormal spine
curvature).
squint repair—correction of strabismus (malalignment of eyes, or “cross eye”).
stenosis—narrowing of a passage.
submucous resection of nasal septum (SMR)—removal of a portion of the nasal septum.
sympathectomy—excision of a portion of the sympathetic nervous system.
T&A—removal of tonsils and adenoids.
thoracotomy—incision of the chest wall.
transurethral resection (TUR), (TURP)—removal of the prostate through the urethra with use of a scope.
trephination—cutting of a piece of bone with a cylindrical saw.
tylectomy—local removal of a lesion (lumpectomy).
tympanoplasty—reconstruction of the tympanic membrane and middle ear structure.
UPJ repair or ureteropelvioplasty—repair of the junction of the ureter and pelvis of the kidney.
ureterolithotomy—removal of a stone from the ureter.
ureteroneocystostomy—formation of a new passage between a ureter and the bladder.
vagotomy—cutting of the vagus nerve.
vasectomy—excision of a section of the vas deferens.
vitrectomy—removal of the contents of the vitreous chamber of the eye.
Waterson shunt—anastomosis of the ascending aorta and the right pulmonary artery.
xenograft—graft from one species to another.