COMMON HAAD/PROMETRICS QUESTIONS IN
FUNDAMENTALS
1. Most abundant macromineral?CALCIUM
2. Major case or urolithiasis or urinary tract stone?
CALCUIM STONE
3. Normal Values is 4.5-5.8 mEq/L or 9-11 mg/100ml?
CALCIUM
4. Four servings during pregnancy for bones and teeth of fetus?
MILK (CALCIUM)
5. Leg cramps takes place in pregnancy if it is deficient?
CALCIUM
6. Cheapest sources are “dilis” or anchovies
CALCIUM
7. Reduced in bedridden cases to prevent urolithiasis?
CALCIUM
8. Increased in steroid therapy to prevent osteoporosis?
CALCIUM
9. Increased in Cushing’s syndrome to prevent osteoporosis?
CALCIUM
10. Needs vitamin D to promote absorption?
CALCIUM
11. What is the effect of PTH (Parathormone) on the calcium level of the blood?
INCREASED
12. What is the effect of calcitonin on the calcium blood level?
DECREASED
13. Process of calcium movement from bones to blood?
CA or BONE REABSORPTION
14. Process of calcium movement from blood back to the bones?
CA or BONE REABSORPTION
15. What is osteoclast?
DEAD BONE CELLS
16. What is osteoblast?
LIVING BONE CELLS
17. Why are bedridden patients prone to stone formation?
SHIFTING OF CALCIUMS FROM BONERS TO BLOOD
18. Sources are milk, dairy products, dilis, sardines eaten with bone, and green leafy vegetable?
CALCIUM
19. Functions are for hardening of the bones, teeth, blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction?
CALCIUM
20. Loss in prolonged steroid and heparin therapy?
CALCIUM
21. Loss in aging process especially post-menopausal women?
CALCIUM
22. Given to old women to prevent osteoporosis?
CALCIUM
23. What to be done to bedridden cases to prevent urinary calculi?
PASSIVE OR ACTIVE EXERCISES
24. Special diet to prevent calcium stone formation?
ACID- ASH DIET
25. If deficient, leads to cramps, spasm, tetani, + Chovestek sign, + troussoues sign, broncho and
laryngospasm?
CALCIUM
26. Tapping the area in front of the earlobe initiate what sign?
CHOVESTEK’S SIGN
27. Applying pressure of sphymomanometer on the upper arm will initiate what sign?
TROUSSOUES SIGN
28. Calcuim gluconate is the antidote of what drug?
MgSO4
29. Lack of vitamin D and calcium in young children leads to?
RICKECTS
30. Lack of vitamin D and calcuin in adult leads to?
OSTEOMALACIA
31. Osteoporosis is potential to?
FRACTURE
32. Primary cat-ion in the ICF?
POTASSIUM (K+)
33. Normal value is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L?
POTASSIUM (K+)
34. Major electolyte loss in diarrhea and vomiting
POTASSIUM (K+)
35. Found in oranges, bananas, grape fruit, dried fruits and legumes?
POTASSIUM (K+)
36. Increased during digitalis therapy to prevent toxicity?
POTASSIUM (K+)
37. Increased during lasix and thiazide therapy?
POTASSIUM (K+)
38. Limited during aldactone, dyrennium, amiloride therapy?
POTASSIUM (K+)
39. Limited in kidney failure, AGN during oliguric stage?
POTASSIUM (K+)
40. Leads to peaked or elevated T- wave if excessive?
HYPERKALEMIA
41. Excessive K-blood level is termed?
HYPERKALEMIA
42. Deficient K-blood level is termed?
HYPOKALEMIA
43. Urine output is less than 500 cc is termed?
OLIGURIA
44. Hormone that controls K and NA level of the blood
ALDOSTERONE
45. Limited and newly burnt cases?
POTASSIUM (K+)
46. Increased after 48 hours in burnt cases?
POTASSIUM (K+)
47. Controls pH, fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission; muscle contractility, BP, Glycogen use?
POTASSIUM (K+)
48. Usual first sign of deficiency are muscle weakness, malaise, fatigue and hypotoxicity?
HYPOKALEMIA
49. Usual first sign of excess cramps flaccid paralysis, hypertoxicity, and diarrhea?
HYPERKALEMIA
50. Effects of too much or lack of potassium K+ on the heart?
ARRYTHMIAS
51. Antidote of to much K+ to prevent cardiac irritability?
CA GLUCONATE
52. Kayexate or NA polysterene is given by enema to remove excess?
POTASSIUM (K+)
53. Isulin + glucose, NaHCO3, injection plus control of metabolic acidosis shifts excess of K to what fluid space?
ECF TO ICF
54. What happens to K-level of blood in Addisons Disaese?
INCREASE (LIMITED INTAKE)
55. What happens to K-level of blood in Cushing Syndrome?
DECREASE (SUPPLEMENT)
56. Drugs that induce K- loss or hypokalemia?
LASIX, THIAZIDES (LOOP)
57. Drugs that promotes K retention?
POTASSIUM (K+)- SPARING – ALDACTONE, DYRENNIUM
58. K- level of blood in metabolic acidosis?
INCREASED
59. K- level of blood in metabolic alkalosis?
DECREASED
60. Major an-ion in the ICF space?
PHOSPHATE (PO4)
61. Major cat-ion in the ECF space?
SODIUM (NA+)
62. For fluid, pH it is imbalance and nerve impulse conduction and muscle contractility?
SODIUM (NA+)
63. Maintained in normal ankle edema of pregnancy?
SODIUM (NA+)
64. Limited and severe pre-eclampsia?
SODIUM (NA+)
65. Maintained in lithium therapy?
SODIUM (NA+)
66. Lithium is for what bipolar disorder?
MANIC
67. Normal blood value is 138-145 mEq/L?
SODIUM (NA+)
68. Excess may lead to hypertension, edema, anasarca?
SODIUM (NA+)
69. Edema of the whole body?
ANASARCA
70. Nutrient to limit in edema?
SODIUM (NA+)
71. Found in dried fish, fermented fish, fish sauce, milk, eggs, canned and bottled food?
SODIUM (NA+)
72. Limited in any case of water retention, Cushing Syndrome, HPN, Nephritic Syndrome, Ascites,
pheocromocytoma?
SODIUM (NA+)
73. Increased in cystic fibrosis, Addisons Diseaes, Diarrhea, vomiting, client of lithium who had
diaphoresis?
SODIUM (NA+)
74. If hyponatremic leads to giddiness, abdominal cramps, hypotension, cold, pale skin, syncope?
HYPORNATREMIA
75. If hypernatremic leads to sticky saliva, dry mouth, thirst, weight gain, hyperthermia?
HYPERNATREMIA
76. Group of drugs that promote excretion into the urine?
DIURETICS (Na LOSS)
77. Group of drugs that promote retention into the blood?
STEROIDS (Na RETAINED)
78. Ear problem that demands Na- restriction?
MENIERE’S DISEASE
79. Pre- menstrual problem that demands Na restriction?
PRE- MENSTRUAL SYNDROME
80. Very salty skin of a newborn, suspect what disorder?
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
81. Major an-ion in the ECF space?
CHLORIDE
82. Normal magnesium level of the blood?
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
83. The effects of to much Mg to the CNS?
CNS DEPRESSION
84. Action of Mg SO4 in cases of Eclampsia?
ANTI-CONVULSANT, LOWER BP, CATHARSIS
85. The vital signs to check before repeating dose of MgSO4?
DTR, RR, BP AND URINE
86. Antidote to MgSO4 toxicity?
CALCIUM GLUCONATE
87. Cheapest source of Magnesium?
GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLE
88. Electrolytes are also termed?
MINERALS
89. Movements of solvent from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration?
OSMOSIS
90. Major protein that maintains colloidal osmotic pressure of the blood?
ALBUMIN
91. Fluids that shrink body cell?
HYPERTONIC
92. Fluids that swell body cells?
HYPOTONIC
93. Fluids that don’t shrink or swell body cells?
ISOTONIC
94. NSS (0.9 NaCl), lactated ringers, D5W are what group of solutions?
ISOTONIC
95. NaCl 0.45% and tap water is what group?
HYPOTONIC
96. D5 saline, D10 water, D20 water, D5 in ½ strength saline?
HYPERTONIC
97. Mannitol or Osmitrol are what type of solutions?
OSMOTIC DIURESIS
98. Solutions that is hanged together with blood?
0.9 NaCl (NSS)
99. Solution used for gastric irrigation, post TURP, eye irrigation, tracheostomy, loosening of phlegm orsputum?
SALINE SOLUTION
100. Solution given in DKA and Addisons Disease?
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